HTML5 version
One of the methods to potentially satisfy Success Criterion 3.1.6 (Pronunciation) is to use ruby markup - introduced in XHTML 1.1 and thus not widely used, but included in the HTML5 standard. Ruby markup consists of smaller text around a run of text, indicating its pronunciation.
This demonstrates an incorrect usage of ruby text, in both markup dialects. For each run of "base" text, there should be an "rt" element with the ruby text itself. In XHTML 1.1, the "base" text is defined by the "rb" element. In HTML5, it is specified as the body text of the ruby element.
(The "*" represents the language form of ruby text that was found: "HTML5" or "XHTML11")